Fire wall



M. LIPTAK FIRE WALL March 31, 1931" -Filed Nov. 1; 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet lfrwarbi/ or W Arrzwsm March 31, 1931. M. LIPTAK 1,798,331

FIRE WALL Fi led Nov. 1, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 M/CH/IEZ L/PTAK Z/ M,WMM

' 7. wave 1 fnmwior March 31, 1931. M. LIPTAK 1,798,331

FIREWALL Filed Nov. 1, 192a 3 Sheets-Sheet s 50 [rzremiar MIC/MEL L/PTAKPatented Mar. 31, 1931 A UNITED STATES PATENT'GFFICE' MICHAEL LIFTAK, OFST. PAUL, MINNESOTA FIRE WALL Application filed November 1, 1928. SerialNo. 316,512.

ing structure for refractory header elements which support a replaceablewall, and to have these hangers supported by refractory 15 blockswhichform part of the permanent wall; to so connect the refractory elementswith the metal supporting elements that they may be'removed therefrom inhorizontal directions transversely of the headers; to pro- 99 vide aconstruction whereby each header is not only supported by a metalelement but is reinforced by said element and in which the reinforcementextends longitudinally with said header substantially entirely acrossthe inter-wall space, thus providing means whereby two adjacentlydisposed headers each supported by a common metal element are capable ofmovement toward and away from each other in a direction transverse to5?? the wall and headers without exposing the metal support directly tothe flame, or in other words, providing a horizontal expansion jointwhich allows the proper movement but limits longitudinal movements withref- Verence to the supports. q Important features of the invention arethe use. of metal hangers; the enclosing of the metal hangers withrefractory material; the enclosing of the metal hangerswith refrac- 49tory material as header elements-to protect the iron element from theheat; enclosing of the metal elements by header elements whichinterlockingly engage with the hangers in a manner to onlypermitdisengagement therefrom in a horizontal direction transversely tothe headers; the method of connecting blocks of the refractory materialas headers,. in pairs, to permit transverse but not longitudinalmovements; to arrangetheheader el- 55 ments in pairs'res'pectivemembersof which engage the hanger elements from opposite sides; theemployment of key bricks to secure the pairs of hanger protecting headerelements against disengagement and therefore to provide a structure inwhich certain of the header elements can be removed and replaced withoutdismantling any substantial portion of the replaceable wall or facing;to so form the hanger protecting header elements that they cooperatewhen in operative position to prevent entryof heat bet-weenthem, and tothe metal hangers; and to provide locking cooperation between certaincourses of the filler bricks and the headers to reduce bulging action ofthese filler bricks as part of the replaceable wall in a direction awayfrom the permanent wall.

The features of the invention not only include the details ofconstruction but the broader aspects of each feature,

irrespective of the constructional details.

Another important feature of the invention relates to the provision ofhorizontal expansion joints for that portion of the replaceable wallwhich is supported between and by he header elements.

Another feature of the invention which is coincident wlth that featurewhich prevents entry of heat in a direction long tudinally of the headerelements to the enclosed hanger,

includes the arrangement whereby horizon tal expansion longitudinally ofthe wall is provided between each pair of headers, so that they are freefor limited movement in direction of disengagement, but wherein thedegree of-this'movement is not sufficient to permit disengagement of theelements from their hanger. r

Featuresand advantages of the invent ion will be set forth in thedescription 'of the drawings forming apart of this ap and in saiddrawings:

plication Figure 1 is aperspective view, with portions ofthe elements ofthe wall removed to more clearly illustrate the constru Figure 2 is aplan view substantially on i Figure 4 is a vertical sectionsubstantially I v T on lined-4: of Figure 2 ction antially on Figure isa. vertical section substantially on line 5 5 of Figure 3;

Figure 6 is a view of the modification in which the horizontal.inter-wall spaces or channels are made to intercomiminicate by verticalpassage and is asection which generally corresponds to line 66 of Figure2;

Figure 7 is a plan section on line 77 of Figure 6;

Figures 8 and 9 are perspective views showing the construction of theright hand headers Figures 10 and 11 are perspective views of the lefthand headers:

Figures 12 and 13 show perspective views of the key blocks; and

Figure let is a plan, showing how the soaps are laid to provide forlongitudinal expansion.

The permanent wall section is generally built substantially in thefollowing manner: A metal base structure is first provided whichincludes the channel elements 1. This construction has been foundextremely eficient and is disclosed in my patent, Number 1,665,556.Although these elements have been shown, it will be understood that theyare not absolutely necessary to the successful use of the presentinvention. Upon the elements 1 are arranged blocks 5 which may bedesignated either as socket blocks or as hanger supporting and lockingelements. These blocks are of refractory material and each is providedwith a recess or socket in its upper side. his socket is best shown inFigure 1 and is generally designated 6. It will be seen that courses ofblocks 5 are also used at points intermediate of the irons 1, and these,of course, are supported by and form the part of the wall which liesbetween and is supported by the elements 1. Each block 5 is capped by aslab brick 7 which closes the recess 6 and forms av pocket. Upon theslab 7 are then laid, for example, alternate stretcher and headercourses, these courses being respectively designated 8 and 9. As shownin the drawing a second course of hanger-supporting socket blocks 5 islaid upon the uppermost stretcher course of. bricks, and upon these arelaid another course of slabs 7 Between this slab and the next element 1are laid stretcher and header courses substantially in the manner beforedescribed.

An important feature of the invention is the use of the blocks 5 asrefractory elements for supporting metal hangers. T h'ese hangers aregenerally designated 15 and each in this instance has a horizontalportion 16. a downturned portion 17 as a stop. the elements 16-17forming a kind of hook. Each block 5 in addition to the recess 6 isprovided with a downwardly extending roove or pocket 18 into whichtheelement 1! projects. This construction provides means for seeuring thehanger against movement transversely of the wall, but permitscompensatory movements lengthwise thereof. Referring to Figure 4, theelement 15 has a vertical portion which flatly engages the inner face ofthe permanent wall. Projecting horizontally from this vertical portionis a lu 20, and below this is a foot 21 having an upturned end 22. Thelength of this foot is substantially equal to the width or depth of theinter-wall space so that the refractory headers, later to be described,are reinforced and supported by the metal element across the inter-wallspace.

Another feature of the invention is the manner of enclosing andprotecting these reiforcing portions 21 by refractory material, andhaving the header-forming refractory material removably engaged in amanner to be either assembled or dis-assembled by horizontal movementsin a direction longitudinally of the wall. Referring first to Figures 8,9, 10 and 11, in which the header elements are illustrated in detail,the header elements are made in rights and lefts and each is formed sothat it may be connected with the hanger element by movements fromopposite sides of the hanger toward the hanger. To this end, the elementshown in Figure 9 is provided with a horizontal groove 25 for receivingportion 21 of the hanger, and with an upward vertical extension 26 forreceiving extension 22 of the hanger, thus forming a stop to limitlongitudinal motion of the header upon the extension 21. There is alsoprovided upwardly extending grooves or corner notches'27 at that facewhich abuts the inner surface of the permanent *all, see Figure 3. tofit the cross-sectionally T-shaped vertical portion of the hanger. Thegeneral contour ofthe walls'of the grooves 25, 26 and 27 is such as tofit the corresponding contours of the horizontal and vertical portionsof the metal hangers. Vhile the details of the groove and hanger shapesare claimed and are features of the invention there is no intention tobe limited to these particular shapes. It is s'ufi'icient thatrespective blocks can be moved from opposite sides toward one anotherand toward the hanger to loekingly engage the hanger in a manner tolimit vertical movements as well as horizontal movements in a directionlengthwise of the headers. Each header of the pair is provided with ashoulder, one designated 30, cooperating with the shoulder 31 of theopposite header, see Figures 8, 9 and 10, 11. Each header is alsoprovided on its bottom with a shoulder shown at 32, which, in thisinstance, is formed by a portion which projects downwardly from theunder surface of the header. The provision of shoulders 31 and theircooperation are features of the invention. The object is to provide alocked expansion joint which, althoughit may open as a result ofexpansion will yet protect the horizontal portion'21 of the hanger, aswell asthe vertical portion. In hollowwall. constructions, inter-wallspace is, of course, provided. 7

Pairs of header elements 23-2el are arranged aswell shown in Figures 3and i in horizontal superposedcours'es, the pairs being spaced from oneanother, and the spaces being closed by key, blocks presently to be described.

Thekey block is illustrated in Figures 12 and Each is of substantiallythe same length as the header blocks 23 and 24 but eachhasmeans'fonsupporting it as a key block against downward movement in amanner to providean expanding joint. 'The block is provided at the topwith lateral projections lOfwhich makesthe outer face of the blockgenerally T-shaped in configuration. Each block is also provided with aprojection 41 corresponding to the projections 32 of the header blocks,and for a similar purpose. The blocks are placed as best shown in Figure1 and it will be seen that when blocks 23, 24 and 39 are positioned,separated horizontally disposed wall inter-spaces are provided.TIOWQ-VQIQ HDdfl someconditions it is desirable to connect thesehorizontal wall interspaces by vertical passages to provideintercommunicat-ion between all wall spaces. In this instance, the rearportions of the blocks 39' are removed along dotted line 45, see Figure13, so that only that portion of the block having the elements 41:0 and41 is used and this is placed substantially as shown in Figures 6 and 7of the drawing. This construction is also'a feature of theinvention.'All that is necessaryto convert a brick 49 is for the workmen to crackoff what may be termed the i nner portion of each brick 39. As shown inFigure 1, the whole key block has been used.

Another feature of the invention is the construction of those portionsof the replaceable wall which lie between and are supported by the outerendsfoflthe headers 23 and 24:.

These bricks -in the-prescnt instance are laid as stretchers, and alsoin the present instance are one brick deep. The main feature of theconnection of this portion of the wall includes the use of projections32 and 41 respectively of the headers 23-24 and 39.

It is desirable to provide expansion joints in the replaceable portionwhich is exposed to the most intense heat, and yet positively preventsuch movements of the bricks as would permit them to be disconnected.An-

other object and feature is to provide for I this expansion and yetprevent hot gases from passing inwardly. For these general purposes,certain bricks of the uppermost course of each inter-header bricks ofthe reare laid, these grooves 50 are aligned and form a continuousgroove longitudinally of the wall. ll ithin these grooves, the elementsany portionof the replaceable wall.

Another feature of the invention is the introduction of bricks which arecalled soaps. These bricks are indicated at 53 and each is cornernotched as at '54:, the notches cooperating to form a groove which iscontinuous with the groove 50, see Figure 2. Another feature of theinvention is the arrangement of the bricks 53 sothat expansion spaces5556 are provided at regular intervals along the wall, in this case, forevery two grooved bricks of the top stretcher course. The length of allbricks is the same but in building up the wall one end of one of thebricks 54in abuttcd with an adjacent groove brick, for example, theinner brick of the two, a'hd the opposite end of the outer brick isabutted with the wall of the brick in the other side. The arrangement isclearly shown in Figures 2 and 14:. \Vith this arrangement combined withthe arrangement of the header elements 23 and 24, all elements of thewall are capable of suliicient expansion, but none can become detachedas the result of this expansion. At the same time any expansion pressureof gas which would tend to bul 'e the wall is relieved, whileat the sametime the entrance of flame, to melt or deform the metal sup ports isprevented.

The projections 40 of the blocks 39, in this instance, he above the topface of the block and the height'or thickness of'this projection issubstantially equal to that of the stretcher course brickswhich arearranged between and supported by the headers. By an inspection ofFigure 1, the arrangement of the upper key portions of blocks 39 inrelation to the bricks and as part of the upper course can be. observed.:f j

The header key elements 39 when removed allow the headers 23-24 to beremoved from the hangers and thus means is provided whereby any portionof the wall canbe r placed without disturbing any substantial portion,the elements of which do not need to be repaired or replaced. The.element 4-0 of the key blocks 39 as before mentioned prevents downwardmovement of the keys and also allows for horizontal expansion. 7

t is also-a feature of the-invention in some instances, to make theprojections 3241 of such height and the groovesbO of such depth thatexpansion joints .57,will be provided, see

Figures 1 and 4. y placeable wall are grooved longitudinally as at 50,see Figures 1 and 2. When the bricks I claim as my invention:

1. A'permanent wall having superposed rows of hangers themembersof-whichare spaced lengthwise of the-wall, header elements supported bytheh'angers, and bricks supported on the header elements to form withsaid header elements a complete replaceable wall.

2. A permanent wall having superposed rows of hangers the membersofwhich are spaced lengthwise of the wall, pairs of header elementssupported by each hanger, and bricks supported on'th'e-header elementsto form with said header elements a complete replaceable wall,

3. A permanent wall having superposed rows of hangers the members ofwhich are spaced lengthwise of the wall, pairs of header elementssupported by the hangers and protectingly enclosing a portion thereof,and bricks supported on the header elements to form with said headerelements a complete replaceable wall.

4. A permanent wall having a plurality of rows of hangers at difi'erentlevels the elements of each row being spaced in a directionlongitudinally of the wall, a pair of header elements secured to eachhanger in a manner to be disengaged by a movement lengthwise of thewall, key blocks arranged to limit disengagingmovements of headers, theheaders and key blocks of each row being abuttingly engaged, and bricksfilling the space between the rows of headers to form a wall.

5. A permanent wall having a plurality of rows of hangers at differentlevels the elements of each row being spaced in a directionlongitudinally of the wall, header elements secured to the hangers in amanner to be disengaged by a movement lengthwise of the wall, key blockssupported by said headers and arranged between them to normally preventdisengagement, the headers and key blocks of each row being abuttinglyengaged, and bricks filling the space between the rows of headers toform with said headers and key blocks a replaceable wall.

6. A permanent wall composed of bricks including courses, some of theelements of which have recesses arranged at one side of the wall,hangers one for each recess detachably secured therein, each hangerhaving an outwardly projecting portion, pairs of head or elementssupported by and protectingly e11- closing said portion and having meansdetachably engaged therewith in a manner to be disengagcable therefromby motion in direction lengthwise of the wall, key blocks arranged tolimit the disengaging movements of opposed members of adjacent pairs ofheaders, bricks filling the space between and supported by the headersand key blocks, to complete the replaceable wall.

7. A permanent wall composed of bricks some of which have recessesarranged at one side of the wall, hangers one for each recessdetachably' secured therein, each hanger having an outwardly projectingportion, header elements supported by andprotectingly enclosing portionsand having means detachably engaged with the projecting portion in amanner to be disengageable therefrom by motion in direction lengthwiseof the wall, key blocks arranged tolimit the disengaging movements ofopposed members of adjacent pairs of headers, bricks filling the spacebe tween andsupported by the headers and key blocks to complete thereplaceable Wall.

8. A permanent wall having superposed rows of hangers the members ofwhich are spaced in a direction lengthwise of the wall, header elementssecured'toand'protectingly enclosing portions ofthe h angers, saidhangers having means securing them to the hangers in a manner to, bedetachable only bya movement lengthwise of the wall, key blocks arrangedto limit disengaging movements of the headers, said headers and keyblocks being abuttingly arranged, and courses of bricks laid between andsupported by the headers and key blocks to form a replaceable wall,certain courses of said bricks and said hangers and key blocks havingmeans which interlock to prevent movement of the bricks in a directiontransversely ofthe wall.

9. A permanent wall having rows of hangers the members of which arespaced length.- wise of the wall, a pair of headerelements supported byeach hanger one at each opposite side and having means securing them ina manner to be detached by movement in direction lengthwise of the wall,key blocks arranged between these releasable header elements to normallyprevent detachment, said key blocks having means cooperative with theheaders in a manner to be supported thereby and to permit removal ofsaid key blocks in a direction transversely of the wall, and bricksfilling the space betweenthe headers illld key blocks to complete areplaceable wal In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my handthis26th day of October. 1928.

MICHAEL LIPTAK.

